It is becoming more and more difficult in nanometer designs to reliably print the image intended by the designer. This task is demanding enough under normal conditions; maintaining pattern fidelity ...
Special cause variation, I love to see it! That’s because I know I’m about to learn something important about my process. A ...
To ensure success in semiconductor technology development, process engineers must set the allowed ranges for wafer process parameters. Variability must be controlled, so that final fabricated devices ...
Animal testing is often used to evaluate the potential risks, uses, and environmental impacts of chemicals. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are technologies and approaches that can potentially ...
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