Although concrete is commonly perceived as a dry and dense substance, it is actually an inherently porous material that more closely resembles a hard sponge. Within concrete’s matrix are microscopic ...

In 1973, the book, 'The Limits to Growth', highlighted chromium — used in tanning, metal production and finishing and corrosion protection — as one of the elements that human civilization would run ...

Metrology is the science of measuring, characterizing, and analyzing materials. Within metrology, there are several technologies used to detect material defects on a very small scale – precision on ...