Human genes are written in long strings of three-letter units composed of four different nucleotides. These units—or codons—specify one of many amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Multiple ...

The DNA of nearly all life on Earth contains many redundancies, and scientists have long wondered whether these redundancies served a purpose or if they were just leftovers from evolutionary processes ...

Scientists have announced two major advances: a self-assembling polymer system that improves non-viral gene delivery and a DNA-based molecular computer that combines processing and memory at nanoscale ...

From gene therapy to vaccine development, plasmids are vital tools — but only if they’re designed, optimized, and verified with precision. Advances in codon optimization, long-read sequencing, and ...

A study by IRB Barcelona reveals that transfer RNA (tRNA) genes accumulate mutations at a frequency up to nine times higher ...

Synthetic biologists from Yale were able to re-write the genetic code of an organism - a novel genomically recoded organism (GRO) with one stop codon - using a cellular platform that they developed ...

To overcome the inherent challenge of translation termination interference caused by stop codon reprogramming in mammalian cells, researchers from Peking University led by Chen Peng from College of ...

Not all parts of our genetic code are equal, even when they appear to say the same thing. Scientists have discovered that cells can detect less efficient genetic instructions and selectively silence ...

Liquid culture flasks of bacteria grown in yellow broth covered with tinfoil on a shaker. Bacterial strains needed to be tested every step of the way to create the highly compressed genome. Credit: ...