Evolutionary computation comprises a family of metaheuristic algorithms inspired by the principles of natural evolution – reproduction, mutation, recombination, and selection – which are utilised to ...

Understanding the mutation and evolution of viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for effective public health management and response. Traditional epidemiological models often assume that viral ...

For more than half a century, many biologists have leaned on the neutral theory of molecular evolution to explain how DNA and proteins change over time. The idea grew from early work in the 1960s, ...