The Laws of Thermodynamics are the foundation of heat transfer and energy work. When any engineer is designing or implementing a system, the consideration of heat loss or energy produced is influenced ...

For more than a century, thermodynamics has described how heat flows and engines run, while quantum mechanics has ruled the strange behavior of atoms and photons. Physicists have long suspected that ...

The study of small systems has catalysed a deeper understanding of thermodynamic phenomena, particularly where traditional bulk assumptions begin to fail. Recent theoretical and experimental ...

Thermodynamic properties play a central role in understanding electrochemical systems, offering insights into the energy exchanges and phase equilibria governing material behaviour. Advances in ...