A broad range of optical devices use nanostructured layers and surfaces to manipulate beams of light through diffraction and interference. Example devices include diffraction gratings, metasurfaces, ...

Planar spiral inductors are less expensive than eitherchip or coil inductors for PCB (printed-circuit-board)-based designs. Accuracy in designinga spiral inductor is important because it isdifficult ...

Today, functional verification consumes most of the time in the design of layered protocols like OSI Model, PCI Express, etc. As we think of reuse of design components, the reuse of verification ...

Building electronics in unconventional form factors with high packaging density is possible thanks to three-dimensional circuit designs using flex and rigid-flex printed circuit boards (PCBs).