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In the simplest terms, a logical data model is a visual representation of the business rules and requirements covering the universe-of-discourse for a given solution or enterprise, along with some ...

There’s a curious contradiction at the heart of today’s most capable AI models that purport to “reason”: They can solve routine math problems with accuracy, yet when faced with formulating deeper ...

Occasionally one may hear that a data model is “over-normalized,” but just what does that mean? Normalization is intended to analyze the functional dependencies across a set of data. The goal is to ...

The term "reasoning" is a familiar metaphor in today's artificial intelligence (AI) technology, often used to describe the verbose outputs generated by so-called reasoning AI models such as OpenAI's ...

Logic is the invisible framework that shapes how humans think, reason, and make sense of the world. From mathematics and ...

OpenAI's release of GPT-4.1 for ChatGPT came quietly but represents an impressive upgrade, albeit one focused specifically on logical reasoning and coding. Its enormous context window and grasp of ...