Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...

Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) are commonly used to perform a variety of clock processing tasks, such as clock frequency multiplication and clock deskewing. PLLs, like many other analog IP macros, come ...

Editor's Note: Although the primary target market for the 86100CU-400 application presented below is for ASIC/SoC designs, I'm assured by the folks at Agilent that this application is also applicable ...

A PLL (phase-locked loop) is perhaps the most widely used analog circuit in SOCs (system-on-a-chip). Almost all SOCs with a clock rate over 30MHz use a PLL for frequency synthesis. Most SOCs use more ...

Behavioral modeling and simulation of a PLL based integer n frequency synthesizer has been illustrated in this paper. The synthesizer generates a signal of 5.15-5.25GHz in the UNII (Unlicensed ...

THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM is a marvel of science and engineering. It has become so ubiquitous that we are starting to take it for granted. Receivers are everywhere. In our vehicle satnav units, in ...

The high-speed serial interface signals supporting today's computer and communications systems are too fast for most general-purpose test equipment. For example, PCI Express operates at a 2.5-GHz bit ...

Microwave frequency generation has posed significant challenges to engineers over the years, requiring in-depth knowledge of analog, digital, and radio frequency (RF) and microwave ...