Shown is a simplified continuous-time sigma-delta ADC model, comprising a sigma-delta modulator and a decimation filter. The DT-S? input structure typically implements switched capacitors, and CT-S?

For next-generation designs, today’s network and data centre SoC/systems designers need robust and reliable communications over challenging long-reach channels. The 112G LR SerDes PHY is seen as a ...

The sources of noise in a signal chain can be either internal or external. Managing noise in the signal chain requires meticulous examination of each circuit in the chain to minimize noise where ...

Confused by analog-to-digital converter specifications? Here's a primer to help you decipher them and make the right decisions for your project. Although manufacturers use common terms to describe ...

My last column showed how a single-stage delta-sigma modulator (DSM) produces an output that is a sum of the low pass-filtered input signal and the high pass-filtered quantization noise (see “Part 4,” ...

It can be shown that for a PAM-4 link with Gaussian noise achieving 1E-12 BER, the SNR has to be 24.5 dB, but what does this mean? What’s the top consideration that network and data center SoC/systems ...

The shaping of light using spatial light modulators (SLMs) is an established technology for advanced three-dimensional (3D) displays 1 and micro-manipulation 2. In the SLM an incident beam of coherent ...

It’s a counterintuitive result that you might need to add noise to an input signal to get the full benefits from oversampling in analog to digital conversion. [Paul Allen] steps us through a simple ...