Spatial crowdsourcing (SC) plays a vital role in smart cities. Task allocation is a crucial problem in spatial crowdsourcing, which directly determines the quality and efficiency of task completion.
Aim: Variation in species composition among sites (β-diversity) generally decreases with increasing latitude, but the underlying mechanisms are ambiguous. Although both local and large-scale processes ...
Background and aims Intraspecific aggregation of plant individuals can promote species coexistence by delaying competitive exclusions. However, such impacts may differ among species with contrasting ...