A few weeks ago, I saw a reader’s question about how to run PS3 cooling fans using an external electronics circuit. At the time I was busy with some other projects. The other day, I decided to put my ...

A common PC sound card can be used as a sine/square/triangle function generator, but the output suffers from limited rail-to-rail swing, plus its zero-centered has no dc offset. This circuit overcomes ...

What is pulse width modulation? Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a powerful digital technique for controlling analog circuits with a microprocessor’s digital outputs. PWM is employed in a wide variety ...

How a single LED driver can support buck, boost, and buck-boost topologies. Design details for each topology type. How such drivers work in automotive and machine-vision designs. The breadth of LED ...