Scientists analyzed each element of the neutrino mass matrix belonging to leptons and showed theoretically that the intergenerational mixing of lepton flavors is large. Furthermore, by using the ...

Quantum graphs—networks composed of vertices connected by edges on which quantum wave dynamics are defined—have emerged as a versatile model for exploring the interplay between geometry, topology, and ...

When any matter is divided into smaller and smaller pieces, eventually all you are left with—when it cannot be divided any further—is a particle. Currently, there are 12 different known elementary ...