Many techniques in survey sampling depend on the possession of information about an auxiliary variable x, or a vector of auxiliary variables, available for the entire population. Regression estimates ...

The problem of estimating the variance of the ratio estimator in sampling with probability proportional to aggregate size is investigated. The form of nonnegative unbiased variance estimators is found ...

Learn the distinctions between simple and stratified random sampling. Understand how researchers use these methods to accurately represent data populations.

While previous sections of this report have focused on the kinds of systematic biases that may be the largest worry when it comes to public opinion polls, the variance (or precision) of estimates is ...

If you specify the option METHOD=PPS_SYS, PROC SURVEYSELECT selects units by systematic random sampling with probability proportional to size. Systematic sampling selects units at a fixed interval ...

Several states with extensive water use databases rely upon the census approach. That is, data are collected for all water users withdrawing amounts greater than a specified threshold that varies from ...

This suggests that there is a substantial amount of variability or noise within the data. Consequently, estimates or predictions derived from the data are likely to ...