Quantum mechanics is a sub branch of physics that explores how photons, electrons, and other subatomic objects in the universe contain the attributes of both particles and waves, referred to as ...

Summary: Harvest Now, Decrypt Later (HNDL) is a strategy where attackers collect encrypted data today and store it until future quantum computers can decrypt it. While cryptograph ...

Estimating the number of solutions to search problems using quantum phase estimation (QPE) on the Grover operator. The Grover operator's eigenvalues encode the solution count, which QPE extracts.

Abstract: Grover's algorithm is one of the most significant quantum algorithms, enabling the search for a marked element in an unsorted database quadratically faster than classical search algorithms.